Cytopenia

Description

Cytopenia - this is a group of diseases that are characterized by a quantitative reduction level in the blood cells of a certain type. In medical practice, the most frequent are two types of cytopenia thrombocytopenia (low platelet levels) and leykotsitopeniya (reduce blood). Cytopenia is of two and three germ. It depends on the suppression of myeloid, or trombozitarnogo erythroid sprout blood. If reduced levels of all elements blood and platelets, and leukocytes, and erythrocytes), this is called cytopenia the pancytopenia.

Sharp quantitative reduction of blood elements due to their suppression in the process bone marrow hematopoiesis or the destruction of them in the bloodstream. The reasons may be: hemolytic crisis in hemolytic anemia, hypersplenism, pathological cloning of cells, suppression of hematopoiesis due to the action of toxins, tumors.

reasons To occurrence of cytopenia of any type include the following factors: disease, which of Vaticanus or inhibit the process of blood (leukemias, blast crises myeloid leukemia, lymphosarcoma, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma, metastases at tumors), diseases that cause pathology in the synthesis of growth factors (cytomegalovirus infection, mononucleose), anemia with vitamin B12 deficiency, drugs, antimetabolites, alkylating agents or of plant diseases, infectious diseases (tuberculosis, brucellosis, syphilis).

Symptoms

Symptoms of cytopenia depends on its type and the extent of involvement of different shoots blood. To the symptoms of this disease are complaints state that accompany the disease on the background of which runs cytopenia. (bleeding, infectious diseases, stomatitis, anemia).

Complaints patients anemic condition in the first stage of the disease almost no. And this is due to the slow speed of decrease of leucocytes in the blood and the gradual adaptation of the body.

Diagnostic

First of all, to perform the diagnosis of cytopenia, a study is needed the process of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. This is compiled and analyzed formula bone marrow (myelogram). Do this by puncture of the red bone marrow of the patient.

as diagnostic tools when cytopenia are direct and indirect tests to identify indirect antibodies in the blood.

as additional methods of diagnosis is histological the study.

Prevention

Preventive methods specifically designed to prevent cytopenia, as such, does not exist. The main task of prevention in this case is to prevent of relapses. For this, the patient after improve blood is taken into account by a hematologist and visits a doctor with regularity, which determined by the physician. It is also necessary at least once in four months to donate blood for tests (clinical and biochemical) to monitor the status blood.

And to preventive methods include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, refusal bad habits and a minimum of contact with external factors that can impair blood in the body.

Treatment

Treatment of cytopenia razrabatyvaetsya individually for each patient and type of cytopenia. When applicable glucocorticoid corticosteroids and hormonal. Each case, these drugs can give both positive and a negative result. Therefore, treatment is assigned in severity after clarification diagnosis and taking into account the characteristics of the disease.

Any therapy cytopenia is held in a hospital under medical supervision and with regular donations of blood.